Indian Instiute of Education
Vigyan Ashram, Pabal
Taluka : Shirur , Dist : Pune.
Shriram College of Agricultural Engineering
& Technology
Mahatma
phule krishi vidypith, Rahuri.
STUDENT DETAILS
Students Name :- Metkari Akshay Shrimant
Project
name :- Incubation process of chicken by Incubator
Project date :- 01-06-2017 to 30-06-2017
Submitted to :-
Vigyan Ashram , Pabal
VIGYAN ASHRAM
Project name: Incubation process of chicken by Incubator
Introduction of incubator
An incubator is a device
simulating avian incubation by keeping eggs warm and in the
correct humidity, and if needed to turn
them, to hatch them. Reginald Carl A. Sanchez invented this incubator for the
eggs even if there is no hen to hatch it.
The
purpose of incubator
An egg incubator is a machine that creates the perfect conditions
for an egg to incubate and
hatch successfully. An egg
incubator is designed to regulate incubation temperature and humidity
at perfect levels. It recreates the role that the broody hen plays in nature.
Materials
1.motor
2.arduno nano
3.trc module
4.relay modules
5.eggs
6.some iron roads
7.water
8. thermo meter
9.jumper wires
10.egg treay
Process of incubation
Choose a
location for the incubator. To help
your incubator maintain a constant temperature, place it where it will receive
as little temperature fluctuation as possible. Do not place it near a window
where it will be exposed to direct sunlight. The sun's heat can raise the
temperature high enough to kill the developing embryos.
·
Connect the unit to a dependable electrical source, and
make sure the plug cannot be accidentally detached from the outlet.
·
Keep the incubator out of the reach of small children,
cats and dogs.
·
In general, it's best to keep your incubator on a sturdy
surface that won't be knocked or stepped on, and in a place that has relatively
stable temperatures, out of the way of drafts and direct sunlight.
Adjust the conditions. In order to successfully hatch chicken eggs, the conditions inside the incubator must be spot on. To prepare the incubator to receive the chicken eggs, you should adjust the conditions inside the incubator to the optimum level.
·
Temperature: Chicken
eggs should be incubated at a temperature between 99 and 102 degrees Fahrenheit
(99.5 is often considered to be ideal). Avoid temperatures outside the
97–103 °F (36–39 °C). Range. If the temperature remains beyond either
extreme for several days, hatchability may be severely reduced.
·
Humidity: The
moisture level in the incubator should be about 50 to 65 percent relative
humidity (60 percent is often considered the ideal). Moisture is provided by a
pan of water under the egg tray. You can use a wet bulb thermometer or a
hygrometer to measure humidity.
Set the eggs. Once the conditions inside the incubator have been properly set and
monitored for at least 24 hours to confirm stability, it is time to set your
eggs. Never set fewer than six eggs. If you try hatching only two or three
eggs, and especially if they are shipped eggs, a bad hatch is likely. You may
get one chick, or none.
·
Warm the fertile eggs to room temperature. Allowing the
eggs to warm up will decrease the amount and duration of temperature
fluctuation in the incubator after you've added the eggs.
·
Place the eggs carefully into the incubator. Make sure
the eggs are lying on their sides. The larger end of each egg should be
slightly higher than the pointy end. This is important as the embryos can
become misaligned if the pointy end is higher and may have difficult pipping,
or breaking through the shell, when it comes time to hatch.
Allow the
temperature to drop after adding the eggs. The temperature will temporarily lower after you've introduced the
eggs into the incubator, but it should readjust if you've calibrated the
incubator correctly.
·
Don't increase the temperature to compensate for this
fluctuation or you may damage or kill your embryos.
Record the date. From this you will
be able to estimate the hatching date of your eggs. Chicken eggs take
twenty-one days to hatch when incubated at optimal temperature. Older eggs,
eggs that were allowed to cool down and eggs that were incubated at too low a
temperature, may still hatch--but they will hatch late! If it is Day 21 and
your eggs haven't hatched yet, give them a couple of extra days, just in case!
Turn the eggs
daily. Eggs should be turned a minimum of three
times per day at regular intervals--though five is even better! Some people
like to lightly draw an X on one side of the egg so they can more easily keep
track of which eggs have been turned. Otherwise it is easy to lose track of
which have been turned, and whether they have been turned all the way over or
not.[1]
·
When turning eggs manually, your hands must be washed and
clean before each session to avoid transferring bacteria and oils onto the
surface of the egg.
·
Keep turning the eggs until day 18, and then stop to
allow the chicks to position themselves properly for hatching.
Adjust the
humidity levels in the incubator. Humidity
should be around 50 to 60 percent throughout incubation, except during the last
3 days when you will want to raise it to 65 percent. You may need higher or
lower humidity levels depending on the type of eggs you wish to hatch. Consult
your hatchery or the available literature on hatching your species of bird.[2]
·
Replenish the water in the water pan on a regular basis
or the humidity levels will drop too low. Always add warm water.
·
Add a sponge to the water pan if you need to increase the
humidity.
·
Measure the humidity level in the incubator using a wet
bulb thermometer. Take a reading with the wet bulb thermometer and also record
the temperature in the incubator at the time. Consult a chart or psychrometric
chart online or in a book to find the relative humidity from the relationship
between the wet bulb and dry bulb temperature readings.
Ensure the incubator has adequate ventilation. There should be openings on the sides and top of the incubator to allow air flow-check to make sure these are at least partially opened. You will need to increase the amount of ventilation once the chicks begin to hatch.
Candle the
eggs after 7 to 10 days. Candling
the eggs is when you use a light source to view how much space the embryo
occupies within an egg. After 7 to 10 days, you should see development of the embryo.
Candling allows you to remove eggs with embryos that are not viable.[2]
·
Find a tin can or a box that can fit over a light bulb.
·
Cut a hole in the can or box that is smaller in diameter
than an egg.
·
Turn on the light bulb.
·
Take 1 of the incubated eggs and hold it over the hole.
If the egg appears clear, the embryo has not developed or the egg may never
have been fertile. You should see a cloudy mass if the embryo is developing.
The embryo will increase in size as you near the hatch date.
·
Remove any eggs that do not show a developing embryo from
the incubator.
Prepare for the hatch. Discontinue turning and rotating eggs 3 days prior to the estimated hatch date. Most viable eggs will hatch within a 24 hour period.
·
Place cheesecloth under the egg tray prior to hatching.
The cheesecloth will help catch bits of eggshell and other matter during and
after the hatch.
·
Increase the humidity level in the incubator by adding
more water or a sponge.
·
Leave the incubator closed until after the chicks hatch.
Purposes
The incubator is an
apparatus that is used for environmental conditions, such as temperature and
humidity that needs to be controlled. It is often used for growing bacterial
cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing suitable conditions for a
chemical or biological reaction. The incubator is recorded to hatch not only
bird eggs, but it also is used to hatch reptile eggs. It allows the fetus
inside of the egg to grow without the mother needing to be present to provide
the warmth. Chicken eggs are recorded to hatch after about 21 days, but other
species of birds can either take a longer or shorter amount of time. An
incubator is supposed to be able to set the perfect environment and condition
for an egg to incubate because it regulates the factors such as temperature,
humidity, and turning the eggs when necessary. This is so that the egg
incubated properly because it plays the role of the hen in its natural state. The
incubator also allows the egg to incubate while eliminating the external
threats that could possibly harm the eggs.[2] The modern hatchery manager’s goal
is to produce large numbers of uniform, robust day-old chicks. Robustness is a
health criterion, originating in the embryonic life stage of the chicken – and
correlating directly with the performance and resistance of individual chicks
under differing farm conditions.[1] It is possible to incubate
different species of birds at the same time within the same incubator.It was
also used to raise birds.
The main problem
from hatching chicken eggs
Inappropriate
Temperature
According to the University of Minnesota,
if you want to hatching chicken eggs, the temperature in the incubator should be set between
99 and 102 degrees Fahrenheit. If it is too high or too low, it can result in no
development of the embryo, embryos died, chicks that hatch the chicks too early
or paralyzed. Temperatures too high for a short period of time can lead to
results of the chicks die in their shells.
Humidity
inappropriate
For hatching chicken eggs, the level of
humidity inside the incubator must be between 50 to 55 percent relative
humidity, increase up to 65 percent in the last three days of incubation,
according to the University of Minnesota. Inappropriate moisture can cause the
chicken paste inside its shell, resulting in suffocation. Inappropriate
humidity can also cause chicks die in the shells. We must make sure the right
humidity in the incubator, or the embryos will die. A lack of growth of vein in
the embryo is a sign that the egg has not been developed sufficiently.
Forecast cost
No.
|
Name of thing
|
Quantity
|
Forecast cost
|
|
1
|
motor
|
1
only
|
1100
|
|
2
|
arduino
|
1 bord only
|
360
|
|
3
|
Jumper wires
|
1 sensor
|
150
|
|
4
|
Arduino cable
|
2 cables
|
120
|
|
5
|
2 Chanel relay module
|
2 bords
|
150
|
|
6
|
Some iron roads
|
-----------
|
100
|
|
7
|
Total cost
|
1980
|
||
Credential letter
No.
|
Name of thing
|
Quantity
|
Forecast cost
|
|
1
|
motor
|
1
only
|
1100
|
|
2
|
arduino
|
1 bord only
|
360
|
|
3
|
Jumper wires
|
1 sensor
|
150
|
|
4
|
Arduino cable
|
2 cables
|
120
|
|
5
|
2 Chanel relay module
|
2 bords
|
150
|
|
6
|
Some iron roads
|
-----------
|
100
|
|
7
|
Total cost
|
1980
|
||
Naw make a Automatic Egg
Turner
First thing you have to know
about me is I am NOT going to spend any big money on anything. I can
always make it myself, with a little help from my friend also sir. We are
remodeling so I just so happened to have cabinets laying around taking up
room. I also just happened to get addicted to chickens about the same
time. So now that i have my bigger chickens settled into th
eir new coops/pens I just had
to start a new project. So first things first the cabinet. It is a
30" base cabinet that had sliding trays we are using for the egg turner
trays.
AUTOMATION OF EGG INCUBATOR
Aim : Rotation of
egg tray with specified time in egg incubator.
Rotation of egg
tray:
Rotation of egg tray by 12V Dc geared motor used in egg
incubator. motor connected to disc which trasmits power towards strip of frame
& rotation of egg tray happens. rotation of egg tray done on both side.
First i can sew block diagram
RTC module -Arduino -
Relay module - Out put
Bill of materials :
Sir no
|
Material
|
Price
|
1
|
Rtc
module
|
200
|
2
|
Dc motor
|
1250
|
This
motor is a 10 RPM 12V DC motor for the IncuKit DC. Use this motor to make your
own egg turner. The IncuKit DC allows you to set an interval so the motor will
turn on for a few seconds every few hours (Customize to your own turning
needs).
RTC
module
This a link How
it's work
http://tronixstuff.com/2014/12/01/tutorial-using-ds1307-and-ds3231-real-time-clock-modules-with-arduino/
We keep getting
requests on how to use DS1307 and DS3231 real-time clock modules with Arduino
from various sources – so this is the first of a two part tutorial on how
to use them. For this Arduino tutorial we have two real-time clock
modules to use, one based on the Maxim DS1307:
Arduino
nano
The Arduino Nano USB
Microcontroller v3 (No Headers) is a
breadboard ready version of the Arduino
Mini 05 Microcontroller Module with integrated USB. The
Nano has everything that the Arduino Duemilanove
USB Microcontroller Module has
(electronically) with more analog input pins and an onboard +5V AREF jumper.
The Nano automatically senses and switches to the higher power supply, so
there is no need for a power select jumper.
The nano's pin layout works well with the Mini or the Basic Stamp (TX, RX, ATN, GND on one top, power and ground on the other). The Arduino Nano USB Microcontroller v3 (No Headers) can be powered via the mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest voltage source. The package contains only the microcontroller.
Features:
• Automatic reset during program download
• Power OK blue LED on the bottom
• Green (TX), red (RX) and orange (L) LED
• +5V to AREF jumper
• Auto sensing/switching power input
• Small mini-B USB for programming and serial monitor (cable not included)
• ICSP header for direct program download
• Power OK blue LED on the bottom
• Standard 0.1" spacing DIP (breadboard friendly)
• Manual reset switch .
The nano's pin layout works well with the Mini or the Basic Stamp (TX, RX, ATN, GND on one top, power and ground on the other). The Arduino Nano USB Microcontroller v3 (No Headers) can be powered via the mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected to the highest voltage source. The package contains only the microcontroller.
Features:
• Automatic reset during program download
• Power OK blue LED on the bottom
• Green (TX), red (RX) and orange (L) LED
• +5V to AREF jumper
• Auto sensing/switching power input
• Small mini-B USB for programming and serial monitor (cable not included)
• ICSP header for direct program download
• Power OK blue LED on the bottom
• Standard 0.1" spacing DIP (breadboard friendly)
• Manual reset switch .
ARDUINO
TINY RTC I2C REAL TIME CLOCK
This Arduino Tiny RTC I2C module incorporates the DS1307 I2C real time clock IC and the 24C32 32K I2C EEPROM storage. What's more,
it has a DS18B20 temperature sensor on board. All of
this in a tiny package of 25mm x 28mm x 8.4mm. It comes with a LIR2303
rechargeable lithium battery, and a charging circuit is included in the module.
When the temperature sensor is off, the RTC module can run for 1 year on a single
charge.
This module is used for applications such as datalogging, timing
applications ex. turning on the sprinkers at 4pm in the evenings. Since the
module is self powered the time data is maintained even if the Arduino is
powered off, allowing for building low power systems which can run for a long
span of time without change of batteries.
The most useful pins are duplicated from P1 to P2. If needed, the pin
"BAT" can be fed into an ADC pin for monitoring
the battery voltage. The pin-outs are explained below. Connecting
"VCC" to 5 V will trickle charge the onboard battery.
ARDUINO TINY RTC I2C REAL TIME CLOCK
PINOUT
|
||
PIN
|
Description
|
Comment
|
BAT
|
Battery voltage
|
To monitor the
battery voltage, or not connected
|
GND
|
Ground
|
Ground
|
VCC
|
5V supply
|
Power the module
and charge the battery
|
SDA
|
I2C data
|
I2C data for the
RTC
|
SCL
|
I2C clock
|
I2C clock for the
RTC
|
DS
|
DS18B20 Temp.
Sensor output
|
One wire inteface
|
SQ
|
Square wave output
|
Normally not used
|
The I2C wires "SDA" and "SCL" are the data line and
clock line, they should be connected to the corresponding pins depending on the
Arduino board.
Board
|
I2C / TWI
pins
|
Uno, Ethernet
|
A4 (SDA), A5 (SCL)
|
Mega2560
|
20 (SDA), 21 (SCL)
|
Leonardo
|
2 (SDA), 3 (SCL)
|
20 (SDA), 21 (SCL), SDA1, SCL1
Now it's time to connect relay module
SO first difine a pins of relay
1.VCC 2.GND 3.COM 4.signal 4.Normally open 5.normally close Now connect a relay VCC to Arduino 5v. Gnd to arduino GND. Your motor pin connect a relay normally open. And connect a arduino difine a any digital pin to relay signal pins. And also connec a adapter nutral to relay com pin. Also Aadptar anoither wire & motor another wire to jointed. Now connect a RTC to Arduino WE can use a only VCC,GND,SDA,SCA pins only. Now connecta rtc VCc to arduino Vcc And connecta rtc GND to arduino Also connecta rtc sda pin to arduino A5 pin. Also connect a rtc scl pin to arduino pin A4 . |
Test
readings of incubator readings
Result after 8 days :-
Embryo growth is
properly developed.
Referance:-akshaysmetkari.blogspot.in
